The Effect of Temperature Gradients on Ultrasonic Flow Measuremennt 1 st of November 2005
نویسندگان
چکیده
1st of november 2005 2 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Estimation of temperature gradients in laminar flow through a cylindrical pipe-the assumption of a linear change in wall temperature with axial distance 1 2.1 Temperature distribution in a pipe with circular cross-section assuming a linear wall temperature variation with distance. .. .. 2 3 A ray-tracing analysis of the flow-meter error in the presence of temperature gradients 4 4 On the transmission path 5 5 The deflection of sound due to the temperature gradient 7 5. 7 Laminar flow with constant viscosity 16 8 Laminar flow with temperature-dependent viscosity 19 9 Wave propagation in flowing liquids-effects due to temperature gradients 21 10 Acknowledgments 23 i
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